TOPLINE:
Imposing a new prior authorization requirement increased the likelihood that older patients with cancer will delay or stop filling their prescription for oral anticancer drugs, a new study showed.
METHODOLOGY:
- Prior authorization requirements, especially in oncology, continue to increase, but how these policies affect patients' access to care remains less clear.
- Researchers analyzed Medicare Part D claims from 2010 to 2020 to assess the effects of prior authorization changes on prescriptions fills for 1 of 11 oral anticancer drugs.
- The study included 2495 patients filling a prescription for these medications prior to their health plan imposing a new prior authorization policy and 22,641 patients filling prescriptions for the same drugs with no change in prior authorization policy (control).
- Beneficiaries had at least three 30-day fills in the 120 days before the new prior authorization policy was established on January 1 and continued to be enrolled in the same plan 120 days after the policy change.
- The researchers focused on how often patients discontinued their therapy within 120 days following a prior authorization policy change, as well as the time to fill a prescription after this change.
TAKEAWAY:
- Patients subjected to a new prior authorization policy on an established drug had a sevenfold higher likelihood of stopping the drug within 120 days than those who had no change in prior authorization requirements (adjusted odds ratio, 7.1).
- The adjusted probability of discontinuing an oral cancer regimen within 120 days after an index date of January 1 (when most health plan policy changes occur) was 5.8% for those with a new prior authorization policy vs 1.4% for the control group.
- A new prior authorization requirement was also associated with an average 10-day delay to refill the first prescription following the policy change (P < .001).
- The probability of a delay of more than 30 days was 22% after a policy change vs 7% after no policy change.
IN PRACTICE:
"Our results suggest concerns about delayed and foregone care related to prior authorization are warranted," the authors said. Overall, this study found that "prior authorization wasted time and undermined the policy priorities of access to care and oral anticancer drug adherence for patients who were regular users of a particular medication."
SOURCE:
The study by Michael Anna Kyle, PhD, RN, and Nancy Keating, MD, MPH, with Harvard Medical School, Boston, was published online on December 12, 2023, in the Journal of Clinical Oncology.
LIMITATIONS:
The study did not look at patients starting new oral anticancer drugs, which may come with more complex prior authorization processes and create more significant access issues. The results are also limited to patients taking 1 of 11 oral anticancer agents in Medicare Part D.
DISCLOSURES:
Funding for the study was provided by the National Cancer Institute. The authors reported no relevant conflicts of interest.
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