Reduced Odds of Mpox-Associated Hospitalization Among Persons Who Received JYNNEOS Vaccine

Abbreviations: AI/AN = American Indian or Alaska Native; NH/OPI = Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander; PEP = postexposure prophylaxis.
*Mpox patients who reported symptom onset <14 days after their first JYNNEOS dose were presumed to have received PEP.
^†Mpox cases with missing or unknown hospitalization status were excluded from this analysis.
^§Pairwise chi-square testing was conducted between the included and excluded groups.
^¶Persons of Hispanic or Latino (Hispanic) origin might be of any race but are categorized as Hispanic; all racial groups are non-Hispanic.

Abbreviations: OR = odds ratio; PEP = postexposure prophylaxis; Ref = referent group.
*Receipt of 1 JYNNEOS vaccine dose ≥14 days before their episode date (symptom onset date, specimen collection date, date of specimen receipt by the laboratory, or date laboratory report was received by the mpox surveillance registry, whichever was earlier), receipt of 2 doses with the second dose administered <14 days before the episode date, or receipt of 2 doses <24 days apart.
^†Receipt of 2 JYNNEOS vaccine doses ≥24 days apart with the second dose administered ≥14 days before the episode date.
^§Receipt of the first JYNNEOS vaccine dose after a known or suspected exposure and <14 days before the episode date.
^¶Receipt of no JYNNEOS vaccine doses.

Abbreviations: OR = odds ratio; PEP = post-exposure prophylaxis; Ref = referent group.
*HIV status was determined based on the presence or absence of a previous HIV case report submitted to the California Department of Public Health Office of AIDS.
^†Receipt of 1 JYNNEOS vaccine dose ≥14 days before episode date (symptom onset date, specimen collection date, date of specimen receipt by the laboratory, or date laboratory report was received by the mpox surveillance registry, whichever was earlier), receipt of 2 doses with the second dose administered <14 days before the episode date, or receipt of 2 doses <24 days apart.
^§Receipt of 2 JYNNEOS vaccine doses ≥24 days apart with the second dose administered ≥14 days before the episode date.
^¶Receipt of the first JYNNEOS vaccine dose after a known or suspected exposure and <14 days before the episode date.
**Receipt of no JYNNEOS vaccine doses.

Authors and Disclosures

Samuel Schildhauer, MPH¹, Kayla Saadeh, MPH¹, Josh Vance, MPH, MEd^1,2, Joshua Quint, PhD¹, Tarek Salih, MD¹, Timothy Lo, MPH¹, Awa Keinde, MPH¹, Edwin Chojolan, MPH¹, Esther Gotlieb, MPH¹, Marisa Ramos, PhD¹, Eric Chapman¹, Philip Peters, MD^1,3, Jessica Watson, MD¹, Kelly A. Johnson, MD¹, Eric C. Tang, MD¹, Kathleen Jacobson, MD¹ and Robert Snyder, PhD<sup>1

1</sup>California Department of Public Health, Richmond and Sacramento, California; ²Immunization Services Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC; ³Division of HIV Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, CDC.

Corresponding author
Kayla Saadeh, kayla.saadeh@cdph.ca.gov.

All authors have completed and submitted the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors form for disclosure of potential conflicts of interest. Philip Peters reports co-leadership of the immunization panel for the U.S. Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in Adults and Adolescents with HIV. Marisa Ramos reports unpaid membership on the Board of Directors for the National Alliance of State and Territorial AIDS Directors. No other potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.

Sidebar

Summary

What is already known about this topic?

One JYNNEOS vaccine dose decreases mpox lesion severity and hospitalization prevalence.

What is added by this report?

Among persons with and without HIV infection, mpox-associated hospitalization rates were lower among those who had received ≥1 dose of JYNNEOS vaccine compared with those who were unvaccinated.

What are the implications for public health practice?

Receiving ≥1 dose of JYNNEOS vaccine reduced the odds of hospitalization among California residents. To maximize enduring immunity against Monkeypox virus infection, all eligible persons should complete the 2-dose JYNNEOS vaccine series.